Establishing an existing Australian Organisation to Myanmar Essay

Establishing an existing Australian Organisation to Myanmar - Essay Example VVRS is a manufacture, Trading Company, distributor and wholesaler; most of their products go through manufacturing before selling. Some products are packed and sold for processing in their destined markets, for example, wheat sold to Myanmar packaged into containers or sacks before exportation. Some wheat exports are in pasta form. VVRS Australia commits itself to providing quality service to its customers. The company’s priority is the customers. Ensuring that they enjoy the services provided by the company. The company also values time that their products take in order to reach customers. This report will cover try and cover all Australia as a business spot for both foreign and local investors. It will cover the political environment legal environment economic environment socio-cultural environment technology; lastly, we shall look at a SWOT analysis. The report aims analysing Australia as a potential investing country. The Myanmar government major focus is maintaining of economic and political stability, according to the Myanmar times in 2011 the Myanmar government had undergone some changes. The process of Initiating reforms was already in operation. The determination of this government to adopt a new political system is evident. This was the report in a U.N meeting in May (staff Writers, political will, 16-22). The Myanmar government was under the rule of a military regime until recently in October 2010 when it carried out its first election in 20years.the commencement of parliament in 2011 saw the election of Gen. Thein Sein as their prime minister. The government provides laws that govern the foreign relations, trade defence. The Myanmar government has good economic relations with its neighbours. In order to attract serious foreign investments’ a significant improvement in economic governance, business climate, and political

Manhood, Power and Respect instead of Childhood Essay Example for Free

Manhood, Power and Respect instead of Childhood Essay Dave Saunders is the main character of the story, the Theme of the Story is â€Å"Looking for Maturity, Respect and Power†. He is tired of been treated as a child, wants to spend his money to whatever he wants, because his mom holds his money, so he just wants to prove to the others that he is a Man. One day he decided to go the local store to buy a gun, which is the store of Mistah Joe, he ask Joe for a catalog, once he gets the catalog he went back home, his mom sees the catalog, and she doesn’t let him to buy, but after he tells her that the house needs a gun and also that he’s going to give the gun to his dad, she gives $2 for him to buy it. Next day he goes to Mistah Joe store to buy the gun, after buying it he goes to the field to admire the pistol. Next day of work, his is so excited that now his has a gun, he takes jenny the mule and goes far away, so he can test the gun, but accidentally he killed jenny. However, when everybody finds out that he is lying about jenny death, he decided to escape and leave all behind. And the story started like this. Dave Saunders 17 years-old, works at Mr. Hawkins fields, there is the place he makes his own money, and also when he begins his desire to get older, powerful and more respect. One day after he works at Mr. Hawkins fields he was heading home and thinking about the discussion that he had with others field hands that day, and also tired of being treated as a child. He resolves to get a gun for himself, so he can show more power to the others. Instead going home he goes to the local store that they offer a mail-catalog, which is the store of Mistah Joe, when he gets there he asks Mistah Joe for a gun, Mistah Joe Surprised says to Dave â€Å"ain’t nothing but a boy,† (Richard Wright) and he does not need a gun, but he nevertheless offer to sell an old pistol left-hand fully loaded for $2 dollars, Dave goes to his house so excited to ask his mom for $2 dollars to purchase the gun, but when he gets to his house Mrs. Saunders is angry because he has kept the dinner waiting, he sits down and Mrs. Saunders sees the catalog in his arm, and she sizes it, she takes the catalog and tells him to go wash his hands, when he comes back, Dave was so infatuated with the catalog that he did not notice that his father had spoken to him and his food is in front of him. But he knows if he asks his father the money the answer would be a straight NO, and he thinks that his mother is a little easier to persuade. But when he starts a conversation with her, she tells him â€Å"git outta here! Don yuh talk t me bout no gun! Yuh a fool! (Richard Wright), but Dave states that the family needs a gun and after he buys it he will give to his father, Mrs. Saunders agrees to buy the gun but with one condition, as soon as he buys the gun it has to come straight to her possession and also make him promise that he will do it as she said. The first thing he does in the next morning is go to the Mistah Joe store and purchase the gun, while he comes back home, he stops in the field just to play with the gun and he starts shooting imagery objects, afterwards he gets home, he breaks his promise because he hide the gun under his pillow and tells his Mrs. Saunders that the pistol is hidden outside, and it is not true. He leaves his house very early in the morning, ties the pistol in his leg with a piece of flannel and goes to Mr. Hawkins field, he hooks up Jenny the mule and go plow the field far away so he can practicing shooting the gun and no one would hear it, but a fatality happened, he shot Jenny at his first shoot, when he realizes that Jenny is been shot he tried to plug dirty into the bullet hole to stop bleeding, but Jenny soon dies, he is frightened about what happened, he goes back to Mr. Hawkins and trying to tell a believable story about Jenny’s death, afterward someone finds Jenny and Dave make up a story that Jenny had something wrong and all of sudden fell on the point of the plow, but Mrs. Saunders knows it’s a lie, Dave is forced to tell the truth, when he assumed that he killed Jenny, Mr. Hawkins tells him that he has to pay $50 dollars for the mule, and he will take $2 dollars every month of his salary until he pays the $50 dollars. Dave feels annoyed because he has to pay back the mule, also very upset because all the others think he is a child more now than ever before. He decides to leave the city, by doing this he will leave all behind, his childhood and he will become a man as his desire. Dave Saunders is a boy that wants to get the power, the respect, the manhood and also the maturity that most of the men have. The gun seems to symbolize all this to Dave’s eyes, but it’s been showed that is just a phony imagination. Work Cited Richard Wright’s Parody of the Hunt Tradition in â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man†(Fall 1986). Detroit: Gale Group, 2000

The Ethics Of Poverty

The Ethics Of Poverty I will begin this delicate topic with some information about poverty and then I will explain the differences between those who believe it is not our duty to provide support to the impoverished and those who do. Regardless of who is morally right or wrong or who is responsible for helping the poor, poverty will always be a part of life in this world. There will always be wealthy people and there will always be poor people. It is a fact of our life struggles that corresponds with Darwins theory, only the strong survive. With the economic condition of the world today poverty is a concern that is becoming a greater issue; despite its being overlooked around the world for many years. Most people would rather turn their heads and ignore the fact that there are millions of individuals who live in some state of poverty every day. It is easy for those who are well off to ignore the realization that poverty does exist; because those who choose to remain ignorant about poverty are not worried about where they will sleep that night or where they will get food from. They are also not forced to live in extreme conditions every day or wonder where they can get a shower or clothes, because they have their basic necessities in life. Maybe if they understood what those poverty stricken people were going through, they might reconsider their outlook on poverty. In the United States, poverty is measured by poverty thresholds and poverty guidelines. (Wikipedia, 2011) According to numerous surveys at one time or another, over forty percent of Americans have had to deal with some type of poverty caused by hardships, such as job loss, financial strains, natural disasters, death, divorce, poor economic conditions, and even war. According to the United States Census Bureau, poverty in the U.S. has spiked to an all-time high surpassing fourteen percent. (CNNMoney.com, 2010) According to National Public Radio online, poverty has not been the main issue for many Americans and in fact it has slowly faded from the headlines. (NPR, 2001) So with all that information; I will pose some questions that are always being asked about who are actually responsible for the lack of attention the poverty issue has received. Is the U. S. Government to blame? Do we blame Globalization? Who in the world can be the sole individual to blame? Do we blame Americans because our nation is more advanced than those third world countries? Whose duty is it to help those in need? These questions are the ones that many human rights supporters and their opponents are quarreling over. Despite this information and the questions I presented; there are Americans who believe poverty is a big problem and they are all in consensus that something should be done about it. Many of those individuals also agree that any aid our government/country gives to those in need is only done because it is in the best interest of our national government and not because the government feels they have to. If our government felt it was their duty as a nation to give continuously to the impoverished, then we wouldnt have poverty stricken people or homeless individuals here in the United States. The worlds poverty numbers would diminish extremely if our government felt it was their duty to help all those in need. There are many philosophers like Peter Singer, Ayn Rand, and Fyodor Dostoyevsky and numerous Human Rights Activists such as Thomas Pogge and Simon Caney as well as other humanitarian organizations that believe wealthy people have a moral obligation or duty to help those who are severely destitute. If the well-to-do opt not to help those who live a life of severe poverty, they are considered human rights violators and the same Activist protest there should be some kind of condemnation for ignoring those who are suffering from poverty. (Saddia, 2010) For example, Peter Singer suggests that if the well off have abundance and are well to do then it is their moral responsibility to assist those in need. (Wikipedia, 2011) Helping those in need comes down to ones beliefs and moral values. It really is up to individuals to decide for themselves as to whether or not they want to help the needy. If they feel bad for those in need, then the answer would be yes, those individuals should help the poor. But, if there are no deep feelings of sorrow, then the answer to whether they should help, would be no. Like I previously stated, it is what the individual believes in their mind and heart. Their moral judgment will give them the answer they are searching for as to whether they are wasting their time and money in trying to help the needy or if they feel helping the needy would make them feel better as a person. In the case of poverty, I believe an individuals morals are based off emotions, reflexes and what they feel in their hearts. Most individuals depend on these emotions, reflexes, and feelings to help them make decisions. There is a possibility the world could benefit from those who help the needy; the total number of impoverished families and people in the world might be reduced with help from the wealthy. But there are too many poverty stricken people in this world to help, that it would take much longer than we have on this earth to see the positive changes. All individuals have a right to basic necessities such as food, water, clothing, and shelter; however, providing the basic necessities to the needy should not be the sole responsibility of those who are better off. An individual who is well off can only do so much for so long and after helping those in need, individuals begin to assume they are being taken advantage of and they start providing less and less assistance to the needy. They tend to find a mindset of why am I the only one helping these people and why should I help them. Other individuals have concerns as to where their monetary assistance is actually going. People who help out by donating money to those charity organizations that support the impoverished, wonder if their monetary support is actually making it to those in need in a third world country or if some organization leader is keeping a majority of the donated money to help cover costs of that organization. Like me I wonder the same thing, because I know there are millions of people and charity organizations who are helping the impoverished, but we cannot assume that all the aid is going to those needy because nothing is really changing for those who are poor. It seems those who support the poor are fighting a losing battle. On the other hand, there are many people world-wide who believe the well-to-do do not have a moral duty or obligation to provide support or provide assistance to those who desperately need it. Individuals who think this believe they have worked too hard to for what they have, that they shouldnt have to just give it away because someone else in another country is not working hard enough to alleviate their plight. They also believe that it is not their concern or their fault that people in other countries are so poor. Forcing the well-to-do to share their wealth with the poor would be considered a violation of their rights since they are not being allowed to choose whether to give or not. If we continue to just provide assistance instead of resources for them, to the impoverished we are just causing more problems down the road, because those who are poor will continue to expect support instead of using the resources to better themselves. Needless to say, the poor continue to reproduce at a greater number than the rich. So those third world countries are practically doubling in population and if we continue to provide some sort of safety net in the form of support from the wealthy, then how can the poor population ever recover. I dont want to venture into religious opinions, but the Bible does state there will always be poor amongst us. Yet many Archbishops state, the rich should help the poor. Garrett Hardin a philosopher as well was opposed to Peter Singers theory that the rich should be influenced to help the poor. There are many well-to-do individuals who claim they have no responsibility for the millions of poor people across the world, because it was not their fault the poor people ended up in that situation. Yet there are those who believe we have several options: we may be tempted to try to live by the Christian ideal of being our brothers keeper, or by the Marxist ideal of to each according to his needs. (Hardin, 2003) Those who believe we should not supp ort the poor are said to have more of an individual egoism (Philosophy Basics, ) which means they are more inclined to act in their self-interest. So with all that being said, what is the morally right thing to do and whos duty is it to help those in need? There is and always will be different views on who is to blame and who should help the impoverished. The absolute fact is that there will always be poverty stricken people in this world no matter if we as individuals feel it is our duty to help those in need or not. From the beginning of time to the present day, people have fallen into two categories, they are either hunters or they are gatherers. Those who fall into the hunter category or have the hunter persona are individuals who fight hard to ensure their families have the basic necessities and more if possible. Then you have those individuals who fall into the gatherer category or have the gatherer persona; they expect others, particularly the hunters to feed and take care of them. There are several reasons as to why people are severely poor and those people who are capable of helping would probably make the better decision and help those who fell into poverty because of a natural disaster, job loss due to businesses downsizing, or even medical related problems which keep people from working. Extreme reasons like that affects individuals differently and they are more inclined to help those who fell into poverty. But for someone to say we should help those in need because they fall victim to drugs or violence is not a severe enough reason to entice someone to help. People are not sympathetic to those kinds of reasons. I however, dont believe it is the rich mans responsibility to take care of the poor simply because we choose our own path in life and there is always room for change. Staying in a state of poverty just because there is a small amount of help is not a justifiable reason to avoid changing their situation. I also dont if someone who was extremely poor suddenly became rich, that they would turn around and give their money to the poor. I believe they would possibly donate some of their money to certain charity organizations or maybe give a little money to friends or family who helped them through the tough times. But how long would they continue to give their earnings to the poor is unknown, because they possibly would become tired of having to continuously support those who have less. So in the end, who is really to blame for the poor being poor? I believe their governments should rise up and do more to alleviate the poverty issues in their respective countries. For example, Africa is known for being a continent with a majority of the population being impoverished and not having basic necessities. Yet they export oil, diamonds, and other goods which would increase their Gross National Product and they could use the increase to help the poor. If the country where those needy live has a failing economy, then who is responsible or who do we blame? Do we blame it on Globalization? I believe the American welfare system does not help the poor or improve their situation, it merely allows them to get by and because of this they do not put enough effort into improving their status. It is true to this day, the rich get richer and the poor, poorer.

Climate Change and Air Pollution in Australia Essay -- Global Warming E

Climate Change and Air Pollution in Australia Air Pollution Fortunately for Alice Springs and much of the Northern Territory, its remote location and low population density mean that the city is not a large source of air pollution. In fact, in a report issued by the Northern Territory Minister of Infrastructure, Planning, and Environment, it is said that while doing testing for the National Environmental Protection Measure the government only tested for particulate matter in Alice Springs, instead of the whole slate of air pollutants, which would have included Carbon Monoxide, Ozone, Sulfur Dioxide, and Nitrogen Dioxide. These other pollutants were not a concern, because of the location and low population density of Alice Springs. While testing for particulate matter, the study found only two days over the entire year where particulate matter levels exceeded the National Environmental Protection Measure standards. This was attributed to bushfires and households burning wood for heat in the winter. Although this particula r study did not test for them, Alice Springs does produce significant amounts of greenhouse gases. In June 2006, the Alice Springs Town Council issued the Local Action Plan to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions, in which they explain how much CO2 the town emitted in 1996, and exactly where the emissions came from. In 1996, the city was responsible for 325,370 tonnes of CO2 emissions. Electricity is responsible for the majority of the emissions, while fossil fuels and waste account for the rest. The Town Council’s plan to reduce these emissions hopes to cut them to 80% of 1996 levels by 2010. They plan to focus on reducing electricity consumption. Within buildings managed by the c... ...n Alice Springs. http://www.alicesprings.nt.gov.au/astc_site/your_council/council_publications/plans/local_action_plan_to_reduce_greenhouse_gas_in_alice_springs. June 2006. Australian Government Department of Climate Change. Australia’s Solar Cities. http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/solarcities/alicesprings/index.html Linacre, E. The last ice age in Australia, New Zealand, and Papua New Guinea. http://www-das.uwyo.edu/~geerts/cwx/notes/chap15/lgm_oz.html Peatling, Stephanie. Australia tops greenhouse pollution index Sydney Morning Herald. 19 June 2004. http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/06/18/1087245110190.html Vatskalis, Kon. Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment Protection (Ambient Air Quality) Measure for the Northern Territory. http://www.ephc.gov.au/pdf/annrep_01_02/179-181_Jur_Rep_AAQ_NT.pdf

English Elizabethan Novels

The Elizabethan period is primarily known for its drama and poetry rather than its prose fiction, particularly since the advent of the English novel proper does not occur for another century. However, critics have increasingly stressed the importance of prose fiction in the seventeenth century and its role in the development of the novel. Several factors have played an important role in the emergence of the Elizabethan romance. One of the most significant factors in the development of the romance—the most popular form of prose fiction in this period—was the translation of ancient Greek romances into the vernacular. The popularity of these stories influenced members of the university-educated class to create their own stories, albeit with the same Greek plots, pastoral settings, and emphasis on literary wit. The first important milestone of the age was John Lyly's Euphues: The Anatomy of Wit (1578). In this work Lyly developed euphuism, a style of writing which emphasizes rhythm over content and makes extensive use of alliteration, assonance, metaphor, and classical allusion. Many lesser authors imitated this style, which became a defining element of the period. In contrast to Lyly, Sir Philip Sidney in The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia (1590), generally thought of as one of the most significant and well-written romances of the time, attempted to create more natural dialogue. Despite this difference, for his plot, style, and setting Sidney is also indebted to Greek literature. Robert Greene, one of the most prolific writers of the period, took his plots directly from Greek romance as well. Sometimes basing his stories in part on his own experiences, Greene wrote more than twenty popular romances including Card of Fancy (1584). Thomas Nashe was influenced by a different source, the picaresque novels of Spain. In these stories the hero, or picaro, is a man of no social standing who is free to travel and engage in adventures. Nashe's most famous works are The Unfortunate Travelor or the Life of Jack Wilton (1594) and The Terrors of the Night (1594). Elizabethan society itself underwent numerous and significant developments during this period, including changes in the social structure of London, a rapid rise in literacy rates, a growing middle class, and the emergence of literate bourgeois tradesmen. These changes are reflected in the content and quantity of prose fiction that was produced during the seventeenth century. Aiming at the growing middle-class audience, many writers imitated best-selling authors and turned out formula romances. The works of the former tradesman Thomas Deloney, including The Pleasant History of John Winchomb in his Younger Years Called Jack of Newbury (1597), for example, were more realistic in plot and setting than other works of the period and probably, according to scholars, created a sense of familiarity among his readers. This focus on the emerging bourgeois class, both as an audience for and a subject of fiction, played a significant role in the emergence of the English novel in the eighteenth

Overview of the Sri Lankan Civil War

Overview of the Sri Lankan Civil War In the late 20th century, the island nation of Sri Lanka tore itself apart in a brutal civil war. At the most basic level, the conflict arose from the ethnic tension between Sinhalese and Tamil citizens. In reality, though, the causes were much more complex and arose in large part because of Sri Lankas colonial history. Background Great Britain ruled Sri Lanka- then called Ceylon- from 1815 to 1948. When the British arrived, the country was dominated by Sinhalese speakers whose ancestors likely arrived on the island from India in the 500s BCE. Sri Lankan people seem to have been in contact with Tamil speakers from southern India since at least the second century BCE, but migrations of significant numbers of Tamils to the island appear to have taken place later, between the seventh and 11th centuries CE. In 1815, the population of Ceylon numbered about three million predominantly Buddhist Sinhalese and 300,000 mostly Hindu Tamils. The British established huge cash crop plantations on the island, first of coffee, and later of rubber and tea. Colonial officials brought in approximately a million Tamil speakers from India to work as plantation laborers. The British also established schools in the northern, Tamil-majority part of the colony, and preferentially appointed Tamils to bureaucratic positions, angering the Sinhalese majority. This was a common divide-and-rule tactic in European colonies that had troubling results in the post-colonial era in places such as Rwanda and Sudan. Civil War Erupts The British granted Ceylon independence in 1948. The Sinhalese majority immediately began to pass laws that discriminated against Tamils, particularly the Indian Tamils brought to the island by the British. They made Sinhalese the official language, driving Tamils out of the civil service. The Ceylon Citizenship Act of 1948 effectively barred Indian Tamils from holding citizenship, making stateless people out of some 700,000. This was not remedied until 2003, and anger over such measures fueled the bloody rioting that broke out repeatedly in the following years. After decades of increasing ethnic tension, the war began as a low-level insurgency in July 1983. Ethnic riots broke out in Colombo and other cities.  Tamil Tiger insurgents killed 13 army soldiers, prompting violent reprisals against Tamil civilians by their Sinhalese neighbors across the country. Between 2,500 and 3,000 Tamils likely died, and many thousands more fled to Tamil-majority regions. The Tamil Tigers declared the First Eelam War (1983-87) with the aim of creating a separate Tamil state in northern Sri Lanka called Eelam. Much of the fighting was directed initially at other Tamil factions; the Tigers massacred their opponents and consolidated power over the separatist movement by 1986. At the outbreak of the war, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi of India offered to mediate a settlement. However, the Sri Lankan government distrusted her motivations, and it was later shown that her government was arming and training Tamil guerrillas in camps in southern India. Relations between the Sri Lankan government and India deteriorated, as Sri Lankan coast guards seized Indian fishing boats to search for weapons. Over the next few years, violence escalated as the Tamil insurgents used car bombs, suitcase bombs, and landmines against Sinhalese military and civilian targets. The quickly-expanding Sri Lankan army responded by rounding up Tamil youths and torturing and disappearing them. India Intervenes In 1987, Indias Prime Minister, Rajiv Gandhi, decided to directly intervene in the Sri Lankan Civil War by sending peacekeepers. India was concerned about separatism in its own Tamil region, Tamil Nadu, as well as a potential flood of refugees from Sri Lanka. The peacekeepers mission was to disarm militants on both sides, in preparation for peace talks. The Indian peacekeeping force of 100,000 troops not only was unable to quell the conflict, it actually began fighting with the Tamil Tigers. The Tigers refused to disarm, sent female bombers and child soldiers to attack the Indians, and relations escalated into running skirmishes between the peacekeeping troops and the Tamil guerrillas. In May 1990, Sri Lankan President Ranasinghe Premadasa forced India to recall its peacekeepers; 1,200 Indian soldiers had died battling the insurgents. The following year, a female Tamil suicide bomber named Thenmozhi Rajaratnam assassinated Rajiv Gandhi at an election rally. President Premadasa would die in a similar attack in May 1993. Second Eelam War After the peacekeepers withdrew, the Sri Lankan Civil War entered an even bloodier phase, which the Tamil Tigers named the Second Eelam War.  It began when the Tigers seized between 600 and 700 Sinhalese police officers in the Eastern Province on June 11, 1990, in an effort to weaken government control there. The police laid down their weapons and surrendered to the militants after the Tigers promised no harm would come to them. However, the militants took the policemen into the jungle, forced them to kneel, and shot them all dead, one by one. A week later, the Sri Lankan Minister of Defense announced, From now on, it is all out war. The government cut off all shipments of medicine and food to the Tamil stronghold on the Jaffna peninsula  and initiated an intensive aerial bombardment. The Tigers responded with massacres of hundreds of Sinhalese and Muslim villagers. Muslim self-defense units and government troops conducted tit-for-tat massacres in Tamil villages. The government also massacred Sinhalese school children in Sooriyakanda and buried the bodies in a mass grave, because the town was a base for the Sinhala splinter group known as the JVP. In July 1991, 5,000 Tamil Tigers surrounded the governments army base at Elephant Pass, laying siege to it for a month. The pass is a bottleneck leading to the Jaffna Peninsula, a key strategic point in the region. Some 10,000 government troops raised the siege after four weeks, but over 2,000 fighters on both sides had been killed, making this the bloodiest battle in the entire civil war. Although they held this chokepoint, government troops could not capture Jaffna itself despite repeated assaults in 1992-93. Third Eelam War January 1995 saw the Tamil Tigers sign a peace agreement with the new government of President Chandrika Kumaratunga. However, three months later the Tigers planted explosives on two Sri Lankan naval gunboats, destroying the ships and the peace accord. The government responded by declaring a war for peace, in which Air Force jets pounded civilian sites and refugee camps on the Jaffna Peninsula, while ground troops perpetrated a number of massacres against civilians in Tampalakamam, Kumarapuram, and elsewhere. By December 1995, the peninsula was under government control for the first time since the war began. Some 350,000 Tamil refugees and the Tiger guerrillas fled inland to the sparsely populated Vanni region of the Northern Province. The Tamil Tigers responded to the loss of Jaffna in July 1996 by launching an eight-day assault on the town of Mullaitivu, which was protected by 1,400 government troops. Despite air support from the Sri Lankan Air Force, the government position was overrun by the 4,000-strong guerrilla army in a decisive Tiger victory. More than 1,200 of the government soldiers were killed, including about 200 who were doused with gasoline and burned alive after they surrendered; the Tigers lost 332 troops. Another aspect of the war took place simultaneously in the capital of Colombo and other southern cities, where Tiger suicide bombers struck repeatedly in the late 1990s. They hit the Central Bank in Colombo, the Sri Lankan World Trade Centre, and the Temple of the Tooth in Kandy, a shrine housing a relic of the Buddha himself. A suicide bomber tried to assassinate President Chandrika Kumaratunga in December 1999- she survived  but lost her right eye. In April 2000, the Tigers retook Elephant Pass  but were unable to recover the city of Jaffna. Norway began trying to negotiate a settlement, as war-weary Sri Lankans of all ethnic groups looked for a way to end the interminable conflict. The Tamil Tigers declared a unilateral ceasefire in December 2000, leading to hope that the civil war was truly winding down. However, in April 2001, the Tigers rescinded the ceasefire and pushed north on the Jaffna Peninsula once more. A July 2001 Tiger suicide attack on the Bandaranaike International Airport destroyed eight military jets and four airliners, sending Sri Lankas tourism industry into a tailspin. Long Road to Peace The September 11 attacks in the United States  and the subsequent War on Terror  made it more difficult for the Tamil Tigers to get overseas funding and support. The United States also began to offer direct aid to the Sri Lankan government, despite its terrible human rights record over the course of the civil war. Public weariness with the fighting led to President Kumaratungas party losing control of parliament and the election of a new, pro-peace government. Throughout 2002 and 2003, the Sri Lankan government and the Tamil Tigers negotiated various ceasefires and signed a Memorandum of Understanding, again mediated by the Norwegians. The two sides compromised with a federal solution, rather than the Tamils demand for a two-state solution or the governments insistence on a unitary state. Air and ground traffic resumed between Jaffna and the rest of Sri Lanka.   However, on October 31, 2003, the Tigers declared themselves in full control of the north and east regions of the country, prompting the government to declare a state of emergency. Within just over a year, monitors from Norway recorded 300 infractions of the ceasefire by the army and 3,000 by the Tamil Tigers. When the Indian Ocean Tsunami hit Sri Lanka on December 26, 2004, it killed 35,000 people and sparked another disagreement between the Tigers and the government over how to distribute aid in Tiger-held areas. On August 12, 2005, the Tamil Tigers lost much of their remaining cachet with the international community when one of their snipers killed Sri Lankan Foreign Minister Lakshman Kadirgamar, a highly respected ethnic Tamil who was critical of Tiger tactics. Tiger leader Velupillai Prabhakaran warned that his guerrillas would go on the offensive once more in 2006 if the government failed to implement the peace plan. Fighting erupted again, including the bombing of civilian targets such as packed commuter trains and buses in Colombo. The government also began assassinating pro-Tiger journalists and politicians. Massacres against civilians on both sides left thousands dead over the next few years, including 17 charity workers from Frances Action Against Hunger, who were shot down in their office. On September 4, 2006, the army drove the Tamil Tigers from the key coastal city of Sampur. The Tigers retaliated by bombing a naval convoy, killing more than 100 sailors who were on shore leave. After October 2006 peace talks in Geneva, Switzerland, did not produce results, the Sri Lankan government launched a massive offensive in eastern and northern parts of the islands to crush the Tamil Tigers once and for all. The 2007-2009 eastern and northern offensives were extremely bloody, with tens of thousands of civilians caught between the army and Tiger lines. Entire villages were left depopulated and ruined in what a U.N. spokesman termed a bloodbath. As the government troops closed in on the last rebel strongholds, some Tigers blew themselves up. Others were summarily executed by the soldiers after they surrendered, and these war crimes were captured on video. On May 16, 2009, the Sri Lankan government declared victory over the Tamil Tigers. The following day, an official Tiger website conceded that This battle has reached its bitter end. People in Sri Lanka and around the world expressed relief that the devastating conflict had finally ended after 26 years, hideous atrocities on both sides, and some 100,000 deaths. The only question remaining is whether the perpetrators of those atrocities will face trials for their crimes.

CKern_LessonPlan2 Essays (2164 words) - Learning, Education

CKern_LessonPlan2 Essays (2164 words) - Learning, Education Age: Kindergarten Subject: Reading Topic : 5 W's Literary Analysis Give a summary of the text using comprehension skills Answer questions based on things written in the text Make assumptions/predictions about the text using clues from both their own experiences/knowledge and things that occurred in the book Be able to explain why they made these assumptions/predictions (justify their answer) Come up with own reasonable scenarios based on prior experiences and things learned in the text Time + Pacing Central Focus of Lesson: At the end of the lesson, students should feel comfortable answering questions about a book with prompting, and should begin to look beyond what is actually written in the book to draw conclusions about the text. Part 2: Content Objectives Answer questions about a story with prompting. Make predictions about what will happen in a story using reasoning and illustrations. Differentiate between the 5 W's (who, what, when, where, and why) when answering questions List the things that a story needs (5W's). Key Vocabulary Who What When Where Why Prior Academic Learning and Prerequisite Skills: Students should have some prior experience with the 5 W's. Students will be using reasoning and clues from illustrations to make predictions about what will happen in a story. They will also be using prior knowledge and experiences to create a new scene for the book. Students should also have a prior knowledge of how to use art supplies such as markers, colored pencils, or crayons. Materials Needed Blank Paper (one for each child) Markers, colored pencils, or crayons "Pete the Cat: Trick or Pete" by James Dean. Board Projector Back Up Plan: If this lesson does not take place near Halloween, a different book can be chosen. Part 3: Lesson Introduction Gather the children in a group and explain that they are going to be learning about the 5 W's. Ask them to listen carefully to the video/song for the 5 things that a story needs. 5 min Introduction of New Information Play video: The Five W's Song | Scratch Garden After the video ends, ask the children what the 5 things a story needs. If they are having trouble with this, then play the song again Using the information from the song, the children should be able to come up with the 5 question words. When the children say each of the words, write them on the board (Who, What, When, Where, Why). 5 min Learning Activities Tell the children that we are going to be reading a story. Read "Pete the Cat: Trick or Pete" by James Dean. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0WWcLKeBIXI) While reading this story, take time to ask questions. Have the children answer these questions. They will be using clues about what they know happens on Halloween and clues from the illustrations to make predictions. Examples: On the first page: What do you think is going to be behind the flap by the moon? On the third page: What do you think is going to be in the tree? On the fifth page: What do you think is going to be in the yard? After the story is finished, begin to ask comprehension questions and write what the children say on the board. First, ask the children if each of the question words on the board were answered in the story. Then begin to ask more specific questions. Examples: Who was this story about? After children answer this question with "Pete the Cat" prompt them to give more characters such as Callie and Pete's dad. This can be done using a question like: Was there anyone else in this story? What was Pete the Cat doing? After the children answer "trick-or-treating" ask other what questions like: What were some things that Pete saw while he was trick or treating? What was Pete the Cat dressed up as? Where was Pete the Cat? This question may be difficult for students, so if they are having difficulty, prompt them using follow up questions like: Was he outside or inside? Where do you normally go trick or treating? When is Pete the Cat going trick or treating? The children will probably answer this question with Halloween, so prompt them to think about the time of day also. This can be done by asking questions like: When do you normally go trick or treating? Is it light or dark out? In the pictures, is the sky light or dark? Why do you think that Pete the Cat is scared? This question requires the

Workers Compensation Laws Essays

Workers Compensation Laws Essays Workers Compensation Laws Essay Workers Compensation Laws Essay In every organization it is important for the management to put in place mechanisms that are meant to protect the workers from hazardous factors since they are useful assets that determine the success of an organization. Workers compensation law this is a law enacted by the government that is used to provide the compensation for workers who are injured or displaced when carrying out their activities. The employees   are compensated with money and   future court cases and expenses   incurred when carrying out the activities of an organization are met by   the employer .The workers compensation law is   beneficial to the dependants of the injured or deceased persons since   it protects the employer against any unwarranted demands from the dependants who   in the future affect the operations of an organization as they may   claim for their money from the employers without following the right procedures. The major concepts behind Workers Compensation Laws The concepts that are applied in the Workers Compensation Law are; no fault concept that states that the employee is entitled to his or her benefits regardless of whether it is the employers or employees’ who caused the accidents to occur. The injured employee should not have difficulties in explaining the persons who caused the factors that caused the injury as it is his right to be compensated by the employer. As long as the employee gets an injury or pain when undertaking his duties he should be compensated accordingly. The amount that should be given to the employee can depend on factors such as his the current wage rate. Even if the employee cannot prove that his employer was wrong in implementing equipment that later on became a disaster to them then he should be paid his dues when they arise. Another concept is that the benefits given to the employee are limited and they do not include what the employee might seek to recover from the court in terms of pain and suffering and therefore it protects the employer from any judgments that may be made in the courts of law. Negligence concept also arises when the issues of workers compensation are been addressed. It states that there are remedies that arise are in lieu of all other rights that have been imposed on the employer. It also provides exclusivity in the remedies provided to the injured worker so that the employee cannot sue the employer under the disguise of negligence. Traditionally the employer would avoid his liabilities against an injured worker by pleading contributory negligence, assumption of the risk or the employer that would allege that the injury was caused by a co-worker hence greater compensation is made to the employees. The compensation law is a strict liability in nature therefore the employee does not have to prove the faults and negligence of the employer (Ohio Industrial Commission and Bureau of Workers Compensation 1997). Subrogation concept is applied in cases where injury occurs due to negligence that is caused by a third party. The employer will therefore help the employee to get his remedies and benefits that arise from injuries that he incurs. The employer usually steps in to help the employee get his benefits that enables him to     recover from injuries have affected his or her rate of performance in the work place. The ways and means the concepts are applied in Fire Service Departments The workers compensation law provides the following three kinds of benefits to the fire victims: the medical benefit which assists to cure or relieve the injured worker of his pain, cash benefits that normally replace the loss of the present and future of the injured worker. In the case of death the cash usually goes to the dependant and finally the rehabilitation benefits which are used to assist the fire victims with both medical and vocational services if the injuries were very severe and serious ( Ohio Industrial Commission and Bureau of Workers Compensation 1997). Under the workers compensation law the employer is usually instructed to fill a form to indicate that a worker has been injured in the course of his duty. The form is later on forwarded to the insurance carriers within a period of one working day together with the details of the amount of money that the employee is entitled to receive. In addition the employer should provide a list of about three physicians from which the employee should visit and also inform the employee about the name and number of the insurance carrier. The employee has the absolute rights to recive good medical care that covers the costs incurred by the doctors while in hospital. Any compensation that is to be given to the injured is restricted only to those employees that are injured unwillfully in the course of their official duties. Those that are hurt out of reckless behavior, illicit drugs or alcohol, self inflicted injuries and those injured while performing any criminal activities do not qualify for the benefits therefore one has prove that the injury occurred in the course of his employment and therefore the exact place and time must be proved. The employers and the carriers should be very careful when making payments of these benefits as some injuries may have occurred while the person was not in the course of their employment (Shawn, A. 2001). Reasons for Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA). It is federal law that was enacted so as to govern the Occupational Health Safety Act in the private sector and federal governments in the United States. There are about eight programs that operate under Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)   that   include the;Adminstrative programs,construction,compliance program, federal states programs, health standards, policy programs, safety and technical support programs .The main reasons why   it was enacted was to ensure that the employees worked in   an environment that was safe and free from any hazards. The employees were to be provided with an environment that was free from toxic chemicals, excessive noise levels, mechanical dangers, exposure from very high or very low temperatures and unsanitary conditions. It would ensure that employees that suffered from no health or functional impairment as long as they were in their working places as a result of injuries or illnesses or in the event of death were taken care of appropr iately (Edward, J. P.2005). The government of the United States intervened one day to implement the law since the employers found it easier to provide recourse for relief of injured workers rather than provide the safety of the worker. They set standards that would be followed in the work place and also carried out inspections to find out if the employers were complying with the set rules and standards. The inspections were done without the knowledge of the employer so that they could have an actual picture of standards set at the workplaces.   It also addressed issues, citations and against all the persons that did not comply with the set standards and regulations. The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) ensured that the common obligations of the employee were met in the workplace through   reducing the number of accidents that occurred and in case any accident happened and   it reduced the severity of the injuries by putting into place safe designs and procedures. It would also be used to protect the employee against any form of relation that occurred within the workplace and involved the right to refuse to work under very extreme bad working conditions. They also are involved in creation of awareness about the safety procedures in the workplace for the educating the workers on the need maintaining health practices and thus could collect data, study it and analyze to find out the sources of the problems. The act would also guaranteed the employee some rights whereby he could   refuse to work under conditions that could be proved that they are dangerous to his health and he could   ask to be   paid time off to seek medical attention incase of injuries. An employee had a right to demand for safe emergency existed   for use in case of fire .They would   be provided with personal protective clothing’s to protect their eyes, ears, head, feet and the respiratory system from any injuries. Organizational structure and Authority of Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA). This is the structure that shows how the responsibilities authorities and relations of an organization should be organized so that the goals and objectives are achieved. It also shows the chain of command and the overall duties and responsibilities of the supervisors’ and   officers working under the department of the secretary of labour.At the top level we have the General supervisor who gives a general overview   site of the working environment. He is followed by the site Safety and Health Officer who coordinates the emergency responses if they occur and finally we have the Onsite Officer who ensures that all the operations of the organization are run safely and also notifies the Site Health and Safety Officer that any emergency has actually occurred. Authority It’s the power that is given to a person who is charged with the responsibility of making decisions for an organization. Usually extends to most of the nongovernmental organizations with employees, but any state corporations are excluded from the federal coverage. Any state that operates their own safety programs approved by the department of labor are required to cover all their employees in the public sector, but in the same states private employees remain under the federal juridication.There are   about twenty one state that operate under Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)that   cover both the public and private workers. The only state that provide plans for public employees are New Jersey, New York and the Virginia Island. The postal Service Act also put Postal service under the jurisdiction of Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA). The office of the secretary of labor has a right to investigate any allegations that have been raised upon the employer. If an employee feels that they are being discriminated against because of exercising their right on the health and safety issues then the investigations should be done so that the employer complies with the law. If the allegations are found to be true then the employer should be sued by the office on behalf of the employee. Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) has the authority to recognize any employees or employers who have shown great efforts in the providing quality working conditions through implementing voluntary programs. They normally motivate both the employer and employee so that they can achieve excellent results when providing safety and health results to the customers. It also authorizes the office of the secretary of labor to set up standards that should be met by the employer, to develop and issue regulations on safety issues at workplace, to conduct investigations about those employers who do not complying with the set standards and they determine the status of those who have complied with the standards (International Personnel Management Association. 1999). Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) also provides training and education programs in partnership with trade unions and other stakeholders to formulate strategies to avoid fire breakouts in the worklace.Through the training and educational program they assist the employers to maintain consistent standards that should be followed within an organization. It also establishes the maximum amount of fire one should be exposed to and usually recommends the proper garments that should be worn by employees in the fire service department. Proper record keeping should be done by this office to show all the injuries that have actually occurred and monitor the occurrence. A safety plan should also be provided   for by this department and should provide key information such   as list of key personnel, emergency numbers, location of the nearest fire department,ambulance,police post or hospital, site routes or maps, lists of hazards associated with the site ,the appropriate fire protective garments ,air monitoring plans and techniques to be used. In conclusion the protection of workers from hazardous environment is always the right thing to do any business. It enables an organization to save on   cost in terms of money, time and energy used in case of injuries coming up. Such as reduced medical expenditure in case a fire breaks out, reduced insurance costs, decrease in the pay out for return work programs, fewer sub standard goods being produced and reduces the amount paid to the dependants of the deceased incase of death occurring in the future. There are also indirect benefits that the company derives out of proper safety programs; increased productivity as the workers concentrate more on working ,lower costs of employing new employees as labor turnover is usually minimal and decreases any costs that are incurred due overtime worked as employees are able to complete their tasks on time. It is therefore important for the management of organization to put in place strategies that are meant to protect the employees from gett ing injuries as this can affect the performance of a company hence lead to reduced earnings for an organization

Role of HR in developing talent at work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Role of HR in developing talent at work - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that dynamic organizations try to identify the top potentials in the company and try to leverage their capabilities. It is the competence that organizations must possess for attaining a sustainable competitive advantage. There have been contradictory views regarding the contributions HR has made towards developing and managing talents. According to the findings of the research conducted by the Corporate Leadership Council (CLC), only 30% of the organizations were found to apply disciplines of managing talent apart from their regular functions like recruitment, selection, training, compensation management etc. According to another survey conducted by the same institution in 2006 on the critical skills that the HR staff must possess, the HR functions rated themselves according to the functions that they considered themselves best at applying. 41% of the organizations were of the opinion that they were best at applying methods associated with re cruiting new staffs in the organizations. The survey clearly reflected the fact that only 25% of the organizations surveyed were good at applying talent development strategies at the workplace. The tendency of HR has always been inward-looking. Also, it has been particularly over conscious of its role in adding value to businesses. According to Ulrich, when he tried to push HR towards attaining a more strategic role, people belonging to HR functions were reluctant to work in a strategic manner. Their focus was more on themselves rather than on the business. Thus issues like development of talents in the workplace with the aim of growing the business took a backseat and the emphasis was more on developing themselves independently.

John Brown the Liberator Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

John Brown the Liberator - Research Paper Example He has been identified to free families from their masters while clothing them against cold and housing them before leading them to Free states in Canada. Together with other supporters of abolitionists and his family involvement, he managed to make the first step towards freedom before meeting his own death. III. POLITICAL LIBERALISM A. Political evolution and stands had emerged during John Brown’s life time and later accelerated after his death, when political parties took their positions based on the slavery issue. Abraham Lincoln who was associated with the Republican Party, was believed to support slave abolitionist John Brown in his brutal slave liberation. Other attorneys like John A Andrew conferred to support Brown during his trial, but they were hindered by fear that judgment would turn towards them. Brown’s death inspired many abolitionists where later, President Abraham saw the need to free the slaves while in power as a republican, despite the secession of other states from the Union. IV. FREEDOM AGAINST WOMEN OPPRESSION A. John Brown liberation involved women who supported him to bring in change, women like Harriet has been mentioned to have worked closely with him. Before his death, he shared his plan with a famous African American woman what he was going to execute to free the slaves. After his death, women and especially the black had woken up to seek for equality within the society. Their inspiration was from the John Brown who had a zeal to liberate slaves and the oppressed; whether women or men. V. CONCLUSION Though brown died before fully executing his plan, his death and ambition was fully admired by many, who later continued with his mission to end society classification, and bring equality to the entire society. He fought for black liberation, against slave economy, social difference, and inspired women movements, and political stands through Lincoln to end slavery in America despite the following union division. Introducti on The beginning of liberation movement can be traced back during the eras of world wars, and after colonization and the voyage movements around the world, in search of fresh and uninhabited lands. There was too much movement from across the borders into foreign lands by people as captives, which led to great inequality in different continents. Most people especially from Africa had to leave their families behind, native lands, and culture, and carried away as slaves across the oceans to work for the whites in the foreign lands. John brown was a great historical man who worked towards liberation and giving freedom back to oppressed civilians (against slavery) in America n their social, economic, and political levels. 1His life and works led an inspired revolution to slavery, freedom in America, and to an extent the entire Globe before his execution in 1859. Class and Black Liberation in America Following the persistent and humiliating slave trade, John Brown in his life had seen the suffering, and discrimination inflicted towards the people of colored skin (Black people). Since the European colonization, and settling in foreign lands, the oppression and exploitation of African people formed a basis for human slavery. The American slavery was by far much complex, cruel, and unjust. The masters and slave bond established a dynamic economic system where the slaves’ commitment to their work determined the mercy of their masters. According to Ciment, 2businessmen were eager and

What is the Urey-Miller experiment What important organic molecules Essay

What is the Urey-Miller experiment What important organic molecules were produced in this experiment What is chemical evolution Why is life so difficult to define - Essay Example According to most research workers, the difference between nonliving and living is more difficult than a simple list of rules (Chaisson, & McMillan 365). In 1953, on the primitive ground, the 1st experimental demonstration for the evolution of complex molecules in a natural way from simpler components was discovered. In this experiment, Stanley Miller and Harold Urey took a mixture of the different materials like a "primordial soup" of water, ammonia (NH3), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) and then energized it by passing discharge of electricity through it (Chaisson, & McMillan 365). A few days after the experiment was done, they examined their mixture and discovered that the mixture contained lots of the amino acids that are similar to those that are nowadays found in every living thing on earth. Later on, scientific researchers successfully discovered nucleotide bases by performing a similar experiment. The above figure shows the experimental settings of the Miller-Urey Experiment. Almost a week later, different complex molecules and amino acids were detected at the bottom of the trap, which reproduces the primordial mass within which heavy molecules were produced in the overlying atmosphere would have diminished (Chaisson, & McMillan 365). There are many basic components in microspheres that are required in the formation of life but these microspheres are not living itself. Microspheres do not have the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) hereditary molecules. Despite the fact that no real life cell has been created yet from the beginning, most of the biochemists believe that the chemical evolution is the series of experiments most importantly from simple molecules that are not biological nearly to the life itself has been fully proved (Chaisson, & McMillan 365). The figure above shows the chemical evolution. In this figure, a tiny drop similar to protein and rich of carbon shows the combination of many of the molecules of amino acid in a

Factory Gate Pricing (FGP) Definition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Factory Gate Pricing (FGP) Definition - Essay Example This essay stresses that since the business of groceries involves a variety of different skills at each level of the supply chain, FGPs can make value addition transparent and encourage channel members to specialize in the greater consumer benefit. Agriculturists should not have to worry about transport and logistics, and should focus on productivity and food safety instead. Recent incidences of mad cow disease and bid flu have put new premiums on growing technology. Concerns about chemical pollution also need dedicated attention. Farmers should have attractive FGPs for quality produce that meets specifications at affordable rates. Processing uses a completely different set of technologies. Processors need FGPs which encourage proper investments in dressing meat, removing harmful microbes and extending shelf-life. Processors may also contribute to visual appeal of grocery products through preservation techniques which retain original forms and qualities. Transportation and logistics are specialized areas of operational excellence which other members of the chain need not duplicate. Equitable and transparent FGPs will benefit all stakeholders involved with groceries. This paper declares that partners in the grocery supply chain who lack core competencies in Information Technology may face potential exclusion with the introduction of FGP. Participants and traders who do not have sophisticated product costing systems in place may lose many revenue opportunities by understating their FGPs. This is especially the case with agriculturists who may not have very detailed and accurate accounting systems. FGPs do exist in the grocery business already, but there is little transparency of how these price levels are fixed. They are also unrelated to value addition, and are influenced instead by negotiating leverage. This rarely operates in

Risk assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Risk assessment - Essay Example I had been part of the team presiding over the delivery procedure for a young mother in her late twenties. According to record, the receptionist booked for admission three days earlier to the hospital to have her baby. However, it had latter been identified that she was experiencing false labour pains. The contractions otherwise referred to as Braxton’s Hicks contractions are usually as a result of regular contraction of uterine muscles in readiness for labour (Lisa 2011, p.22). Thus, many people mistake their occurrences to the real labour pains especially towards the closing stages of that pregnancy (Fabre 2008, p. 67). In such a situation, an obstetrics team on duty usually have a superior responsibility of ensuring the wellbeing of both the mother, and that her baby, she is expecting. The medical staff comprising of nurses, obstetric doctor, and physician are all assigned varying duties during delivery procedure, according to their field of specialization. A failure on the part of any of this professional could jeopardise the efforts of every other person in the theatre room, to achieving a successful delivery (Fabre 2008, p. 33). This time she came back with her â€Å"water already broken†; this time to be sure she was ready to have her baby. It had already been determined also, through ultra-sound scan that she was going to have a baby boy. She was anxious and worried, as well. The nurses were going through a hard time calming the woman to ensure a relaxation mood during the birth procedure. This is for regulating her blood pressure (Mary 2008, p.92). An overly excited person can trigger unnecessary muscle contractions and stiffness. At the obstetric department, already the medical test report were out and were showing she had mild backaches and contractions by the time the procedure started, thus the labour pains. This condition is common to confirming onset of giving birth. As much as doctors would wish to maintain a high degree of profess ionalism, we got a report of malpractice case arising in the theatre where a procedure is in progress in helping a patient. The obstetric team comprises not less than five individuals. Unfortunately, the baby ends up developing cerebral palsy. This means that it has developed an extensive brain damage. The reason was as a result of negligence on the part of the physicians. The error occurred during labour as the mother gave birth (Janet 2009, p.65). Normally it is usually a requirement to follow carefully and monitor the baby progress and its status. This is to ensure that the operation patient and the baby in particular do not have any sign of distress. In case of any abnormality, especially in the appropriate air passages, immediate and specific preventative steps are mandatory in an effort to ensure that the baby receive adequate and appropriate supply of oxygen. The mother is usually aware in advance, of the delivery procedure. She gets the information of the entire medical prac titioner attending her and their duties. Doing this enable the doctor to get her consent for the doctor to do his duty (Janet 2009, p.67). However, this failed to happen in the delivery room on that dreaded night. Apparently, the umbilical cord entrapped the baby, making it difficult to receive oxygen. The procedures in the hospital are effective in preventing such cases. The medical staff failed to raise an alarm since the fetal monitoring strips were there to report the distress,

Competation Law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Competation Law - Coursework Example According to researcher’s viewpoint, very first thing is that it is a competition and not competitors so that it is to be protected. And also the ultimate aim of every business is to please the customers so that it is very much necessary to avoid the customers harm. â€Å"I like aggressive competition – including by dominant companies – and I don’t care if it may hurt competitors – as long as it ultimately benefits consumers. That is for the reason that the chief and ultimate aim of Article 82 is to protect customers and this does, of course, need the defense of the undistorted competitive practice on the market. There are two main laws in UK that defending competitions that are, the Competition Act in the year of 1998 and the Enterprise Act in the year of 2002. These are laws are, supported by Articles 101 and 102 of the â€Å"TFEU† (Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) 1990) that are, previously the Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty of the EC. â€Å"The Competition Act 1998 prohibits anti-competitive agreements between businesses. You must not, for example: †¢ agree to fix prices or terms of trade, eg agreeing price rises with your competitors †¢ agree with your competitors to limit production in order to reduce competition †¢ Share out markets or customers with your competitors - eg agreeing with a competitor that you'll bid for one contract and they'll take another. The law mostly applies to contracts among businesses with an important presence in the marketplace. But even the smallest company requires avoiding anti-competitive contracts like price fixing. In addition to formal contracts, the law also relates to other looser types of cooperation among businesses. The â€Å"Competition Act† (Competition Act 1998) forbids the mistreatment of a dominant position in a marketplace. This can apply to companies that have an extremely big market share. It is also an illegal and illicit offence for persons fraudulently engaged in certain kinds of cartel behavior in the â€Å"Enterprise Act 2002† (Enterprise Act n.d.). Fundamental aim of Article 82, when examining exclusionary conduct is the defense of competition on the marketplace as a way of enhancing wellbeing of the customer and of guaranteeing a well-organized distribution of resources. â€Å"Adopting an economics-based approach to Article 82 will also unify and provide a clearer and more consistent enforcement approach of the Treaty provisions on competition law† (The Reform of Article 82: Recommendations on Key Policy Objectives 2005, p. 4). The concern is to stop exclusionary behavior of the dominant organizations which is expected to limit the remaining competitive constrictions on the dominant organizations, consisting of entry of beginner, so as to avoid that customers are harmed. This denotes that it is competition and not merely competitors as such, that is to be confined and protected. In addition, â€Å"the purpose of the Article 82 is not to be protect competitors from dominant firms genuine competitions based on factors such as higher quality, novel products, opportune innovation or otherwise better performance but to ensure that these competitors are also able to expand in or enter the market and compete therein on the merits, without facing competition conditions which are distorted or impaired by dominant firm† (Jones & Sufrin 2008, p. 327). And also, Anti-competitive activities are injurious not only to customers but also to compan ies that contend moderately or which are themselves consumers of certain goods or services. So that in order to assess this statement, we require to be considered not only the short term harm but also both long and medium harm that may arise from the exclusion of competitors. Failure to obey with UK or EU competition law can have extremely grave consequences. â€Å"

Factory Gate Pricing (FGP) Definition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Factory Gate Pricing (FGP) Definition - Essay Example This essay stresses that since the business of groceries involves a variety of different skills at each level of the supply chain, FGPs can make value addition transparent and encourage channel members to specialize in the greater consumer benefit. Agriculturists should not have to worry about transport and logistics, and should focus on productivity and food safety instead. Recent incidences of mad cow disease and bid flu have put new premiums on growing technology. Concerns about chemical pollution also need dedicated attention. Farmers should have attractive FGPs for quality produce that meets specifications at affordable rates. Processing uses a completely different set of technologies. Processors need FGPs which encourage proper investments in dressing meat, removing harmful microbes and extending shelf-life. Processors may also contribute to visual appeal of grocery products through preservation techniques which retain original forms and qualities. Transportation and logistics are specialized areas of operational excellence which other members of the chain need not duplicate. Equitable and transparent FGPs will benefit all stakeholders involved with groceries. This paper declares that partners in the grocery supply chain who lack core competencies in Information Technology may face potential exclusion with the introduction of FGP. Participants and traders who do not have sophisticated product costing systems in place may lose many revenue opportunities by understating their FGPs. This is especially the case with agriculturists who may not have very detailed and accurate accounting systems. FGPs do exist in the grocery business already, but there is little transparency of how these price levels are fixed. They are also unrelated to value addition, and are influenced instead by negotiating leverage. This rarely operates in

Competation Law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Competation Law - Coursework Example According to researcher’s viewpoint, very first thing is that it is a competition and not competitors so that it is to be protected. And also the ultimate aim of every business is to please the customers so that it is very much necessary to avoid the customers harm. â€Å"I like aggressive competition – including by dominant companies – and I don’t care if it may hurt competitors – as long as it ultimately benefits consumers. That is for the reason that the chief and ultimate aim of Article 82 is to protect customers and this does, of course, need the defense of the undistorted competitive practice on the market. There are two main laws in UK that defending competitions that are, the Competition Act in the year of 1998 and the Enterprise Act in the year of 2002. These are laws are, supported by Articles 101 and 102 of the â€Å"TFEU† (Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) 1990) that are, previously the Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty of the EC. â€Å"The Competition Act 1998 prohibits anti-competitive agreements between businesses. You must not, for example: †¢ agree to fix prices or terms of trade, eg agreeing price rises with your competitors †¢ agree with your competitors to limit production in order to reduce competition †¢ Share out markets or customers with your competitors - eg agreeing with a competitor that you'll bid for one contract and they'll take another. The law mostly applies to contracts among businesses with an important presence in the marketplace. But even the smallest company requires avoiding anti-competitive contracts like price fixing. In addition to formal contracts, the law also relates to other looser types of cooperation among businesses. The â€Å"Competition Act† (Competition Act 1998) forbids the mistreatment of a dominant position in a marketplace. This can apply to companies that have an extremely big market share. It is also an illegal and illicit offence for persons fraudulently engaged in certain kinds of cartel behavior in the â€Å"Enterprise Act 2002† (Enterprise Act n.d.). Fundamental aim of Article 82, when examining exclusionary conduct is the defense of competition on the marketplace as a way of enhancing wellbeing of the customer and of guaranteeing a well-organized distribution of resources. â€Å"Adopting an economics-based approach to Article 82 will also unify and provide a clearer and more consistent enforcement approach of the Treaty provisions on competition law† (The Reform of Article 82: Recommendations on Key Policy Objectives 2005, p. 4). The concern is to stop exclusionary behavior of the dominant organizations which is expected to limit the remaining competitive constrictions on the dominant organizations, consisting of entry of beginner, so as to avoid that customers are harmed. This denotes that it is competition and not merely competitors as such, that is to be confined and protected. In addition, â€Å"the purpose of the Article 82 is not to be protect competitors from dominant firms genuine competitions based on factors such as higher quality, novel products, opportune innovation or otherwise better performance but to ensure that these competitors are also able to expand in or enter the market and compete therein on the merits, without facing competition conditions which are distorted or impaired by dominant firm† (Jones & Sufrin 2008, p. 327). And also, Anti-competitive activities are injurious not only to customers but also to compan ies that contend moderately or which are themselves consumers of certain goods or services. So that in order to assess this statement, we require to be considered not only the short term harm but also both long and medium harm that may arise from the exclusion of competitors. Failure to obey with UK or EU competition law can have extremely grave consequences. â€Å"

Effective support for information users Essay Example for Free

Effective support for information users Essay Customers are an asset for any organization and to satisfy and retain them is every organization’s goal. The only way to achieve this goal is to build proper relationships with your customer through providing them appropriate customer service when ever they require. Customer gives you business because it is a cycle, if you fulfill your customer need then he will spread a good word of mouth for your organization otherwise they will give you a real hard time. Information technology has great importance in the business world today because the environment is very uncertain therefore innovation needs to be implemented rapidly. Every day we see something or the other coming up with new technology and to survive in this competent world we all have to cope with technological advancements, therefore customers tend to purchase technologically advanced products easily but the difficulty is in understanding the ways to operate these products. This is where they need help and it is a chance for the organizations to retain customers because customer will only stick to the brand which is providing him proper customer service. For this purpose IT organizations have customer service centers so that they can provide their customers with appropriate assistance. The bottleneck is faced when the employees on desk at the customer service center are not able to entertain the customers with what they want. This is usually due to the lack of information employees hold regarding the product and this leads the organization towards losing their customers. (Hoffman). Therefore in order to remove this bottle neck, the organizations should provide their customers with best service, for which they need to consider following strategies: Strategies to ensure that your customers are getting adequate technical support 1) Hire the right people with excellent communication skills. 2) Train your employees so that they are well aware of the product specifications and can easily deliver the information to the customer 3) Employee people with calm and good attitude because customers may be very frustrated or harsh at times still the employee has to remain very tranquil with him in order to avoid any further dilemma. 4) A company should make sure that on desk personnel are well aware of their goals, that is, they believe that it is their duty to entertain more and more customers, understand their needs and interact with them to provide more and more information so that they are satisfied. (Bayan) 5) Customers should be provided with a detailed guide book as well so that they can better understand the product and do not face any hurdles. 6) Customer should be provided with a very comfortable and friendly environment and he should be given great importance so that he can feel that the company really cares for his needs. (Anonymous) Socio-Technical Structure Socio technical structure is an organizational design which consists of a combination of people and technology. It includes the habits and attitudes of people; the way they interact and behave. The technical aspect of this structure includes the machinery processes and physical management. This structure includes hardware, software, people, surroundings data and data structure, law and regulations and procedures. According to this system all the needs of an employee should be identified and met which they bring along to the workplace. This system helps in motivating employees and raises their performance level by taking care of the characteristics that comprises social system. These characteristics involve their communication, involvement, performance, and team work, attitudes, behavior and job satisfaction. This system is emerged overtime through the employees of the organization and thus represents the culture of an organization and its social setup. (Whitworth) As socio technical system includes face to face work, which includes customer service therefore ensuring that your customers are getting adequate technical support and thus it is related to the socio technical structure because it fulfills the requirements, social as well as technical. Providing appropriate customer service by understanding customer needs and communicating positively with them satisfies the social requirement where as giving them technical assistance, that is, to provide information regarding the technical aspects of the product satisfies technical requirements. Any technological advancement cannot be successful if the technology does not take into account the human component because ultimately humans have to interact with the technological design therefore it is important to treat people and technology together within a system. This gives rise to social and technical subsystem in which social subsystem takes into account human needs and attitudes and technical subsystem relates to the devices, procedures and technical know how. The technological and social subsystem needs to be interdependent so that the organization can deliver the best to the customers. In this way the technology offered by the organization will be according to the needs of the customers and thus it would be a perfect fit. (Whitworth) Thus the most important strategy for any company to provide adequate technical support to customers is that it should develop a socio technical structure so that the technical assistance provided to the customers are in accordance to the social needs of the customers. REFERENCES Hoffman, R. (1996) Help is Only a Phone Call Away! How to get good service. The Real World. Retrieved October 15, 2009, from http://www. animatedsoftware. com/misc/stories/jobs/dbmscntr. htm Kay, D. (2004) Show, Don’t Tell: Remote Support Best Practices and Benefits. DB Kay and Associates. Retrieved October 15, 2009, from http://www. webbuyersguide. com/bguide/Whitepaper/Wpdetails. asp? frmCQ=Ywpid=NzU3Mwcategory=723sitename= webbuyersguidekc=newstech101607src=newstech101607 Setting up a successful help deskphysical considerations (http://articles. techrepublic. com. com/5100-10878_11-5112459. html) and Try these efficiency strategies when setting up a successful help desk (http://articles. techrepublic. com. com/5100-10878_11-5112468. html). Setting up a successful help desk (http://techrepublic. com. com/5208-6230-0. html? forumID=14threadID=146337 messageID=1623851). Whitworth,B. Socio-Technical Systems. Retrieved on 23rd July 2010 from http://brianwhitworth. com/hci-sts. pdf

Marketing plan of Tata Nano for UK market

Marketing plan of Tata Nano for UK market Tata is one of the biggest automobile manufacturer in India. Last year they have launch Nano which is the cheapest private car in the world. It is around Rs 1,000,000 which is  £1452.53 approx. Mr Ratan the chairman of Tata Ltd announced Nano model which a common middle class Indian can afford it easily and they called it as the Peoples Car. Nano was launched India 1st April, 2009. It was expected to be on road in July of the same year. It created a buzz in 2008 when it was first shown in an auto exhibition. People were so excited on the launching that on the first day of booking it received 5500 booking. The question arises, what makes Nano so affordable and cheap? Answer to this question Tata made it parts lighter, smaller, took all the shallow parts and changed without compromising the safety and fulfilment of environmental factors. According to Windecker (2005) these situation gives an emphasis the power of society of different cultures. In which low price cars have given high first choice over luxury, SUVs and sports cars. The latest trend has shown that low price cars are more in demand than the others even in the markets like US and UK. The Tata should be focus on the UK market. The reason behind selecting UK market as the primary target market is the status of India as a reasonable means in the market; UK Automobile market has the potential dynamics, potentials and communication similarities which are due to help an Indian company in the UK. The other potential markets that are to be considered are USA and Russia. USA is one of the largest markets in the world countries but th e reason for not considering US market as preferential is because quality requirements are very high and some non tariff obstacles which make it slightly harder for a new competitor to go into this market. The other reason is because the markets level of maturity, experience and competive pressure is quite high. On the other hand in Russian market, there were several factors high taxes on the new competitor etc which do not support an international company like Tata. This reason makes it less eye-catching than the UK market. The main being the development of the country is quiet tentative and dealers market is underdeveloped. The three models Tata Nano available in the market. Tata Nano, Tata Nano CX and Tata Nano LX. All the parts of the models of Nano will be imported to United Kingdom by Tata Industries. The car can be assembled by the factories in Halewood and in Northwest England. Tata Motors already have dealers in East Kent Audi in Kent and White May fair Audi in Greater London. Tata can distribute Tata Nano cars through these distribution centres only. 2.0 SITUATION ANALYSIS: Tata Motors Limited is arguably Indias largest automobile Company; it has revenues of over Rs. 1600 crores last year. Its Commercial vehicles are largest selling vehicles, and also it is ranked in top three in the passenger vehicles segment. Few of Tata vehicles also won the prizes in last three years. Another large announcement was made by Tata regarding their progress in the passenger vehicle segment. In January 2008 Tata announced that, The company would release a $2,500 car that could replace the motor scooters commonly used in developing countries to car around whole families (Carty, USA Today). The company is fourth largest truck and the second largest bus manufacturer in the world. Tata Motors also acquired Fords UK based car brands Jaguar and Land Rover in March 2008(BBC News, 2008). Ratan Naval Tata (Chairman of Tata Group), insist the need for an innovation like Nano is because of the nature of the market and transport of the country. In India availability and quality of mass transport are major problems. The two seated motorcycle is normally considered to be a family vehicle in India, Even though motorcycles are quite dangerous mode of transporting for a family. So with this in mind Tata Nano was created as a safer form of transport. (Pradeep Thakur, 2009) 3.0 Market Summary : The estimated number of cars on the road of United Kingdom more than 28 million, as per the survey more than 35% of the car on the road are low price vehicles. The price of such low price cars are estimated about say  £4500 to  £ 4812, which is almost 3 times higher than the price of TATA Nano.( Svend Hollensen, 2010) 3.1 Target Markets Identifying the target market for launching any product is necessary. So Tata have recognise the lower income group with family, students, first time buyers mainly young population, and used cars buyers as their potential target market. 3.2Positioning The greatest USP of Tata Nano is that it is the worlds cheapest car while being eco friendly as well. The company have not compromise the quality and safety of the car while making it cheapest car. By leveraging Tata Nanos competitive edge the positioning of the product can be achieved: industries Tata Motor who has been in vehicles industries (commercial, passengers utilities) since 1945 is already an experience player in the automobile market. Tata motor has good relationship with more than 100 components suppliers( Jagmohan Raju, 2010). 3.3 Geographics Tata Motors has targeted the urban area market such as London. Because according to the survey more than 60% of cars running in London are in lower price range. Secondary, the presence of Asian Community in London, Tata is a renowned name in automobile sector in India. That can play the fact that the market Tata is entering is not entirely new and it already have brand recognition. 3.4 Distribution review Tata Nano will be positioned as an affordable car in overseas markets same as it was done in Indian market.. The car will be assembled at pre-defined locations as the Easy to assemble kit will be imported from India. The proposed locations are Northwest England and Halewood. Its redistribution to showrooms can be done on regional basis. More than 40 sales offices will be opened throughout United Kingdom. 3.5 Competitor review The main competitors are Volkwagen, Renault, Peugeot, Toyota, BMW, Citroen, Ford, GM (Vauxhall), and Honda. As per the SMMT statistics, top Companies in selling cars in United kingdom are as follows: 4.0 SWOT Analysis: 4.1 Strengths: The first and foremost strength is that the car has low price, stylish, high fuel efficiency and environment friendly (Green House). Tata as company is already a known brand in the world which can create enough brand awareness in people to consider the product. The response of the car was very heart warming in the country of launch which increase the company turn over as well as the trading profit. Weakness The main weakness of the product is lack of luxury quality. And mere perception of the people because of the price of the product. The sophisticated buyer will feel that the product is not worth buying because of its price. The product is not technologically advance and the performance is average in compare to its competitors. 4.3 Opportunities: The product is relatively new. So in this case it can create an opportunity to Tata. As Nano is a nice specimen of Innovation. This is also an opportunity to the company to enhance its global presence. The market demand of lower price cars can also be an opportunity for the company launching the cheapest car in the world. 4.4 Threats: The major threat will be the competitors like Ford and GM. Their product Ka and Astra respectively are already major players in the market. The volatility of fuel price can also be seen as a major threat. The change of legislations and foreign policies can also affect the plan of Tata. The other threat face by the company can be the oil crisis, recession etc. 5.0 Pestle Analysis: 5.1 Political: According to Hormazd sorabjee, a top indian car journalist, Tata Nano is the most eco friendly and politically acceptable car ever launched in the market. It is expected that Nano will pressurize the automobile industry globally for have direct model in its price range. Other automobile manufacturers like Volkswagen have already shown interest by announcing their plans for a model of lower price range. But the cost will be slightly more when the factors like tax and manufacturing costs will be taken into account. The market will be surely affected by the increase in the oil price due the global economic unsteadiness which can also be a major factor. Any increase in the oil prices will affect the sales of luxury car, as it will surely go down. Mintel in 2006 stated because of this issue, an increase in the level demand has been developed towards the car with smaller engine with fuel effieciency. According to KPMG, 2004 Administrative barriers which quality controls and operations requ irements are not to be overlooked and a higher emphasis will be given to all safety measures and emission level which will result in increase in production costs. Because of which profit margin on the product will decrease. Mintel, 2006 stated that the increase of traffic on the road of UK can increase the threat of high capacity overload. Hill in 2002 stated in his article that the political relations between countries of operations can also be the factor which can affect the company. For example if India will cooperate with the UK within the government policy of favourability the UK government can leverage in tariff and non-tariff barriers which can make the entry for the company in UK market easier. The foreign ownership regulations (The market expansion mode (Hill, 2002) the government has remove some regulatory control from large numbers of industries which includes automobile as well. This means that it is up to the foreign companies to choose their mode of expansion the UK according to their preferences. 5.2 Economic: Strategies of pricing and potential profit on investment are the major issues that affect the current as well as the future market growth. These factor are to be considered while selecting a market. The UK market is viewed as a very mature market (Mintel, 2006). According to the present scenario the market is estimated to reach the value of  £31billions. But the overall UK market is experiencing negative growth due to the maturity level of the consumers. Nevertheless due to the impact of certain factors like society and technology the car segments with lower price range have considerable growth prospects. Mintel (2006) claims that there is a significant decrease in the confidence of new cars consumers. The decrease in the rate of GBP has created various confusion for manufactures consumers operating in pounds. The cost of labour in the automobile industry highlighted, the cost factor and capability of direct and indirect costs becomes one of the key issues in maintain advantage. According to the opinion of the industry specialists (KPMG, 2004), the issue that will influence the decision selecting the location the most is the cost of labour. According to the survey (KPMG, 2007), a major importance is given by the company on the cost of labour which can is describe cost of their retirement fund, healthcare and their legal services. The growth of present political and economic boundaries for example European Union, all European Union markets are now considered as a single EU market. This political policy can help Tata motors for entering in various European markets like Italy and France According to estimations of Nieuwenhuis Wells (2003) the European Union attracts the companies as the target market for a car manufacturer will remain high. They claim that the EU as a target market will be maintained to attract the manufacturers because of the increase of its market value and size. 5.3 Social Factors: Demographic factor is one of most important social factors. It affects the risk taking nature, spending power, consumer trends, lifestyle, and value per customer. The change of demographic trends allows the company to construct a plan which suites the particular product. The current demographics have gradually weakened the sales of family cars in the UK. Lifestyles The change of lifestyles and habits of the consumer can have a direct impact on their expenditures; Mintel (2006) also pointed out that in UK recent increase in the culture of having two or more cars in the family. Mintel (2006) adds that the negative effect of market development and increase in the prices of oil is challenge by the impact of change in the lifestyle of the masses. Thus, on the contrary, Tata Nano will experience healthy growth despite a fall in the sales of automobile in the UK. Because our target market will be the high population of students and female drivers in the country, 5.4 Technological Factors: The doors for new transactional options are open by the rapid growth of Internet in the market. Currimbhoy (2004) suggests that because of the constant growth in the areas of technology, like in the fields of communication and digital technologies have formed new opportunities such as e-shopping, new channels for marketing and new tools of marketing research. According to Mintel (2006) the problem in increase in capacity can be tackled by the using e-shopping by the leading car distributors. The growth in the channels of e-exchange between agents will be able to benefit the supply chain strategy of the company. 5.5 Environmental Factors: As per the UK market, Tata Nano is made environmental friendly, Tata also has exceeds measures for regulating standards on safety and pollution. The aim is to make Nano an eco-friendly car for the masses. As per the UK standards the car has been modified by replacing the seatbelts, glass, light, tyres and engine. Speed in miles, Indian road are on klilometre. Accordint to Data monitor, 2006b the car subjected to undertake government official crash tests and is also has to undergo an overall inspection. Then only the car is given approval for sale. After these all inspections the price of the car is expected to increase (Datamonitor, 2006b) 6.0Porters Five Forces: 6.1 Competitors bargaining power: The UK is highly consolidated automobile market. The competition is between Ford, GM (Vauxhall), BMW, Volkwagen, Peugeot, Toyota, Renault, Citroen and Honda. Because of presence of powerful and establish competitors a requirement of product differentiation has been created. According to Mintel (2006) the tough competition in the market introduces a significant price pressure and requires increasing overall promotional costs. The manufacturers had to close certain plants to cut the costs and survive on the market because of the present market conditon. At the moment, the major competitive strategies are new product development, an improvement in supply chain and above all serving the needs of emerging market segments (Mintel, 2006). The emerging requirements demands extremely high level of responsiveness towards operational. 6.2 Buyers bargaining power: In the UK market the buyers experience very strong bargaining power because the intensity competition on the global scale is high and overcapacity issue UK is always on the rise. According to Mintel (2006) A high level of bargain seeking behaviour is shown by the buyers. 6.3 Suppliers bargaining power: Even though Automobile manufacturers have consolidated forming large entities they do not make a significant shift of bargaining power in OEM-suppliers relations. According to Veloso Kumar (2002) a consolidation of different supplier groups is gaining because of the OEM sector. The sections like demand chain partners and large car dealers are experiencing bargaining power because of the overcapacity. 6.4 Threat of substitutes: Apart from direct competition from public transport, the major competition for automobiles are other transport services like taxis. One of the major substitute threats are the second hand cars market.According to Mintel (2006) the steady accumulation of second-hand cars has become one of the major reasons of the dramatic fall of the sales of new cars. 6.5 Threat of New Entrant: The threat of new entrant is minimises because the level of entry barriers like conlosidated industry, RD capability and well developed value added chain are quite high. Nevertheless, because the industry is much globalised, the concept of new entrant is not that clear-cut, new geographical markets are entered by existing manufacturers. Datamonitor (2006) also states that there is not enough measures introduce by EU countries to protect the market if the Chinese manufacturers tried to flood EU markets in the future. 7.0 Marketing Mix Strategy: 7.1 Product Review: There are three variants in the Nano range: Nano, Nano CX and Nano LX Only the Nano CX variant would be introduced in the UK Market for the first stage Tata Nano LX will introduced in the UK Market during the following year The car has achieved its low price by minimizing costs on unnecessary luxuries, the basic Nano comes without front and rear fog lights, with a heater or air conditioning, with anti-lock brakes, only one single windscreen wiper, manually operated windows, manual steering with no air bags, tiny 12 wheels, plastic body parts joined with adhesive instead of more conventional metal and welding and a two cylinder 623 cc engine that provides a massive maximum speed of 65 mph (around 105 km/h). Among the features of the car are: 7.1.1 Stylish and comfortable The design for Nano is made designed by taking a family in mind, has a roomy passenger compartment with generous leg space and head room. It can comfortably adjust four persons. Four doors with high seating position make the people to have more leg and head room. Yet with a length of 3.1 metres, width of 1.5 metres and a height of 1.6 metres, with adequate ground clearance, it can effortlessly manoeuvre on busy roads in cities as well as in rural areas. Its mono-volume design, with wheels at the corners and the power train at the rear, enables it to uniquely combine both space and manoeuvrability, which will set a benchmark among small cars (Pradeep Thakur,2009). 7.1.2 Fuel-efficient engine Nano has a rear-wheel drive, all aluminium, two-cylinder, 523 cc, 33 PS, multi point fuel injection petrol engine. Two-cylinder gasoline engine with a single balancer shaft is used for the first time in any car. The design helps the car to minimise weight, which results in maximising performance for consumed energy and delivers high fuel efficiency. The electronic engine management system controls the performance of the car. 7.1.3 Meets all safety requirements The current regulatory requirements are all taken in consideration in the case of Nano. Nano actually exceeds all safety measures. It has a strong passenger compartment because of an all sheet-metal body, seats belts, intrusion-resistant doors, crumple zones and strong seats. 7.1.4 Environment-friendly Tata motors are known for manufacturing eco friendly in Indian Market. Nano is not different it has tailpipe emission performance exceeds regulatory requirements. Nano has a lower pollution level in comparison to all two-wheelers being manufactured in UK today. The car has low carbon dioxide emissions because of the high emission, thereby benefiting in two an affordable transportation solution with a low carbon footprint. 7.2 Branding By help of branding the consumer can identify manufacturer of a product and them to send the feed of the products performance to the concern manufacturer or distributor. Branding creates a different identity in the products and services from the other. The main task of branding strategies is to convince the consumers that there is a meaningful difference among brands in the product category. In the case Tata Nano, corporate name is combined with products name for the sake of branding. Tata is fourth largest heavy vehicle manufacturer in the world, and it is a good strategies to cash in the brand value of the manufacturer. 7.3 Product Strategy The Tata Nano CX model will be first introduced with a 3 years warranty. The next Tata Nano LX model will be introduced in the following year, because Tata as a brand will be established by then. For all marketing campaigns the brand and logo will be displayed everywhere and on the car as well. 7.4 Pricing Strategies The Cost price is an estimated GBP 2, 420 or equivalent to INR 174,903, which includes import tax, sales tax, duties excise assembly cost and shipment costs. The prices show a strategy by which shares can be taken from more settled competitors. 7.4.1 Setting the price selecting price objectives Major three objectives of Tata should be for an effort to position itself in the UK Automotive market. The objectives are: Survival, maximum current profit and maximum market share. 7.5 Survival Intense competition from UK second car manufacturer, Perodua for a share of the automotive market segment for the below 1,000 cc category will act as an incentive fot Tata Nano. It will ensure that the car covers variable costs as well as some fixed costs. Survival in the case of Nano is a short term objective as in the long run. 7.6 Maximum current profit Tata in UK will set a price that will maximize current profits, cash flow and return on investment, after taking into consideration the demand and costs involved. Because the category of small foreign cars has not been really tested by other manufacturers, therefore the demand is rather difficult to estimate but Tata Nano for having a good response towards its entry into the UK market. 7.7 Maximum Market Share Tata is set to launch low price for a new car in order to attract a maximum number of buyers and a large market share by will implementing the market-penetration pricing in the UK. The cost can be decrease by achieving high volume of sales. This will allow the company to further decrease the price of the product. In the UK car market the low price prodices more market growth, this show the high sensitivity of the market. Tata is also confident that as sales increases the production and distribution costs will also fall. By this Nano will help to keep out competition and maintain its low-price position. The low-price entry will provide all Perodua consumers to have a best alternative. 8.0 PROMOTION STRATEGIES 8.1 Objectives of Promotion Strategies Before determine the promotion strategies, we need to very clear about what are the objectives we need to achieve. We know as above, our missions are to promote Tata nano in a UK and increase the sales quarterly. Tata Nano is very new for UK, they feel fresh with this new brand and concept of this car. Tata Nano will get into market in 2010. Brand awareness and concept/knowledge of this new car should be the companys first and foremost objective for promotion. Tata Nano burst into the worldwide market in the short time because of being so cheap. The advertisement and organize the event or campaign in sufficient detail to establish the good brand attitudes should be done properly because Tata is still new to UK market. For creating a strong brand equity awareness of brand is very important. The second objective should be persuasion through the medium of knowledge. The comparison between Nano and other cars which are more expensive and are not afforded by everyone can approve to be a good marketing tool for Tata Nano. Besides that the scheme of 30 days money return guarantee will also be introduced for the promotional purpose We can also have a 3 years free maintenance scheme for Tata Nano like other major car manufacturers 8.2 Advertising Program The main aim is to inform UK market that Nano is the cheapest car in the world. Create an understanding in the consumer to buy Tata Nano not just because its cheap but also its safe, useful, all in good quality and also environment friendly by developing an advertising program. 8.3 Online Advertisement The online advertisement should the first step taken by the company. Tata Nano already created a Web site www.tatanano.com on March 2009 for a good communication with the concern consumer. In the Web site, all the details of the car and company with images and videos are provided to customers. This can be a good strategy to bring the consumers close to the histpry of the company so that they can be more satisfied. In addition to images and videos, the website also has a links which shows the public feedback of Nano. Besides that, Blogs have become an important for searching any major information you require. Blogs is best place where people of same interest can discuss their issues and concern. By establishing a blog network a company can easily monitor the feedback and even can look for the potential new consumer. Blogs and Internet are at present the best and cheapest way pf creating brand awareness globaly. 8.5 Television Advertisement Television is expensive mode of advertisement but its ia also very powerful as product is fully explained and secondly the product get an image by exposing it to television. Tata can show Nanos attributes and persuasively explaining their corresponding consumer benefits. The company should lower advertising budget and should only air the advertisement on national channel between 7 to 11 pm. A good advertisement always creates a need in the consumer mind which increases brand equity as well as improve sales. 8.4 Newspaper Advertisement Beside the television, most of the UK reads newspaper every day because of the fact there are around 10 newspaper companies circulating it for free. So this can be a good mode for market coverage in a big city like London. Newspaper advertising is also not so expensive. 9.0 Channel of Distribution Strategies 9.1 Direct marketing channel (zero-level channel) Manufacturer Customers Tata Nano in UK can sold directly to its concern customers. By visiting the sales office or any special event the customer deal directly with the companies dealers for booking. Besides that, there should be a 24X7 customer care centre from where customers can get all the information they want for booking a new Tata Nano and there should be a 24 hrs attendant on the website who can chat live with the customers and give information about the product. These all ideas can help us eliminating the middle men from the chain which will surely decrease the variable costs. 9.2 Physical Flow Transporters, Warehouses Tata Motor at India Assembly Workshop At UK Customers From the diagram, we can understand that as per the basis of demand the car will send in parts from India and will b assembled in the workshop in the UK can know. The final step is to send the product direct for the customer collection. 9.3 Payment Flow Tata Motor at India Sale Office At UK Banks Customers Banks Customers can have two option of paying the bills either by cash or by bank. Because of this diagram the customer will be pay less because the cost of commission of the middle men like retailer and franchise are not included in the flow chart. It is also good for the Tata Motor because the payment will be collected more efficiently. 9.4 Information Flow Tata Motor at India Sale Office At UK Customers Informations like product, price development and so on can be given direatly by Tata motors to their customers. And by the help of various services like response calls and mailings or through internet blog, Tata can identify the need of the customers. The complaints of the customers have to be dealt directly. So that customer will be fully satisfied at the end of the day. 9.5 Promotion Flow Marketing Campaign/Event Tata Motor at India Sale Office At UK Customers Media Have two ways of promotion flow, directly and indirectly. Directly is well organize the marketing campaign, event and road show. By this way, well promote Tatanano to target market by face by face and provide the opportunities to them try to drive the Tatanano. Indirect ways are we will do the advertisement through media such as internet, TV, radio and also newspaper. By this promotion flow, Tata Motor aims to create brand awareness and increase the sales in the UK. 10.0 Financial Plan The overview of the Tata motors will be done in this section. The major financial aspect like expense forecast, sale forecast, break even analysis and their relation to the market strategy are included in the section. 10.1 Break even analysis Break even analysis indicates that 3369 unit or  £ 28,615,563 will be required in monthly sales revenue to reach the breakeven point. Table: Break Even Analysis Break even analysis : Monthly unit break even 3369 Monthly sales break even  £ 28,615,563 Monthly unit production 6083 Average per unit revenue  £8,492 Average per unit variable cost  £5,550 Average per unit fixed cost  £1,630.11 Estimated monthly fixed cost  £9,916,915 10.2 Sales forecast Sale was done with adjustment of seasonal factor and is on quarterly basis. Graduation month was used as seasonal factor to adjust our forecasted sales because our primary targets are the graduation students. There is an increase of 10% sales annually according to the forecast, graph given below represent the sale forecast. Figure : Sales Forecast 10.3 Marketing Expense Forecast Marketing expense forecast provides an indication about when our marketing plan has to be modified and it also keep marketing department focused toward their goal. Advertisement, marketing campaign, direct marketing and other are all the major categories in which the expensed are tracked down. The marketing budgeting is quite necessary for most of the companies from it affect the total sale of the quarter. In 2010 Tata motors believe that marketing expense will not be more than 4 percent of total sales. 11.0 IMPLEMENTATION AND CONTROL The idea behind the marketing plan of Tata Nano is to show the current standing of the company. The performance of the company can be improved by observing following areas of the company: Monthly and annual revenue of the company Monthly and annual expenses of the company Satisfaction of the customers A 10 percent growth in the annual sales of the company 11.1 Marketing Organization The main responsibility of a marketing manager should be taking control of all marketing activities. Marketing manager will designate all the promotional and advertising responsibilities to his juniors. Sales performance will be the responsibility of the sale manager. The entire department will be work under the guidance of marketing director 11.2 Contingency plan: Difficulties and risks: One of the difficulties that will be face by the company