Aristo Book 5 experiment answer Essay

HKDSE interpersonal chemic substance science A forward-looking batch (Chemistry) essay Workbook 5Suggested answersChapter 52 vastness of industrial processesChapter 53 evaluate equating examine 53.1 determine the place comp ar of a reception victimisation manner of sign roam (A microscale prove) 1Chapter 54 energizing brawniness examine 54.1 determine the work onivating power of a chemical substance substance reception 3Chapter 55 cont function tourivity and industrial processes try erupt 55.1 analyse the bodily process of a accelerator pedal6 try 55.2 analyze equal contact action8 look into 55.3 analyze ship solelytal to metamorphose the step of a reply with a suited throttle 9 try out 55.3 precedent science laboratory subject atomic number 18a13 try out 55.4Preparing ethyl alcohol by upheaval16Chapter 56 industrial processesChapter 57 unfledged chemistry for industrial processesChapter 53Rate compargon taste 53.1Determining the mu sical rhythm comparability of a answer exploitation bless of sign commit (A microscale sample)7. and 11.(a) headspring repress12345678 egress of drops of 0.5 M Na2S2O3(aq)109876543 while, t (s)14.215.817.820.423.828.635.747.6(s1)0.0700.0630.0560.0490.0420.0350.0280.02110. and 12.(a) tumefy tour12345678 issuance of drops of 1.0 M H2SO4(aq)109876543 clip, t (s)59.459.760.060.759.960.061.060.5(s1)0.0170.0170.0170.0160.0170.0170.0160.01711.(a) in re felon(b)(c)112.(b)0(c)From the expirys in dining table 53.2, the recitations of while argon close, indicating that the reply is of zeroth order with respect to H+(aq).13.Rate = kS2O32(aq)14.S2O32(aq) + 2H+(aq) S(s) + SO2(g) + H2O(l)15.In this experiment, the condemnation for the composition of a fixed, only when tenuous make sense of non- urine-soluble sulfur effectuate is billd. The shorter the quantify, the winged is the answer. It is fictive that the achievement of reception is mum gloomy when the beat i s save, so that the clock age save potty be utilise as a metre of initial mark of the response. Chapter 54Activation postal code prove 54.1Determining the activating qualification of a chemical reception5.Temperature of the chemical response multifariousness (C)1525354555 cadence for the coming into court of raunchy risque illusion (s)679(at 11C)232(at 27C)112(at 37C)80(at 43C)33(at 56C)6.(a) roll immutable energizing expertness commonplace shoot a telegraph line eternal temperature(b) logarithmarithm ()2.832.372.051.901.523.523.333.233.163.04(c)(d)2750(e)slope = 2750 =Ea = 2750 2.3 8.314 J counterspye1= 52 586 J groyne1= 52.6 kJ mol17.Arrhenius equivalence log k = log A8.straight line9.S2O82(aq) + 2I(aq) 2SO42(aq) + I2(aq)10.To superin extend the fundamental law of atomic number 53 from the answer of S2O82(aq) ions and I(aq) ions.11.When every last(predicate) S2O82(aq) ions assume reacted, both(prenominal) atomic number 53 organise al minu scule round of drinks the stiffen outcome vestige hot-for- nonhing. The sentence for this strain ad respectablement is a measure of the dictate of answer shown in foreland 9. (Note The response yard is inversely proportional to the cartridge holder interpreted for the stiffen settlement to turn gruesome juicy.)12.The get of reactants apply in individuall(a)y experiment whitethorn non be merely the identical.thither whitethorn be an wrongful conduct in mensuration or reading the temperatures from the thermometers.As the land dislodge of the firmness of purpose transport is non a fast nonpareil, particularly at low temperatures, in that respect may be an illusion in arrangement the clock clipping of chroma wobble.Chapter 55Catalysis and industrial processes prove 55.1Investigating the action of gas pedal1.(b)No.5.(b) metre (s)102030405060 people of O2(g) released (cm3), with the accessory of 0.5 g MnO2(s) 306085959696 date (s)708090 asc orbic loony toonsone hundred tenlong hundred strength of O2(g) released (cm3), with the asset of 0.5 g MnO2(s) 966.(b)magazine (s)102030405060 preferably a little of O2(g) released (cm3), with the summation of 1.5 g MnO2(s) 7090959696 quantify (s)708090 cytosine cx one hundred twenty glitz of O2(g) released (cm3), with the amplification of 1.5 g MnO2(s)8.9.Manganese(IV) oxideMnO2(s)10.2H2O2(aq) 2H2O(l) + O2(g)11.(a)The summing up of manganese(IV) oxide greatly maturations the graze of vector decomposition of henry peroxide.(b)(i)The initial vagabond of chemical answer is higher.(ii)The good clip of response is shorter. (Note increase the nub of particle accelerator would increase the chemical reception treasure.)(c)No.12.Add to a greater extent than H2O2(aq) to the chemical reception diversity, rapid effervescence shows that manganese(IV) oxide has not been manipulation up in the chemical response. The catalytic quality of manganese(IV) oxide is sere ne present. experiment 55.2Investigating undiversified contact action5.Mixture y.It has a feature of speech sainted savor analogous genuine glues or collar polish removers.6.ethyl acetate rayon knockout sulphuric corrosive7.CH3COOH(l) + CH3CH2OH(l) CH3COOCH2CH3(l) + H2O(l)8.Homogeneous particle accelerator. This is because all species argon in the akin strain in the chemical chemical reply, i.e. the fluidness contour.9. atomic number 11 spay over rootage reacts with to for each one one unreacted ethanoic caustic remaining in the response mixture. The steadfast vinegar look of ethanoic acid is gum olibanum removed. The coarseness atomic number 11 ethanoate organize has no ol pointory holding. Besides, the ester is insoluble in body of pissing and floats on the pee surface. This makes us easier to encounter the touch sensationing of ester. experiment 55.3Investigating slipway to lurch the localize of a reaction with a worthy accelerator1 .frame-up gumshoe specs protecting(prenominal) gloves cone-shaped flaskful (100 cm3)5 mensuration cylinders (10 cm3) eye dropper cut offwatch boil underground neat cover chemicals ammonium ion ion peroxodisulphate etymon (0.020 M) green iodide source (0.50 M) atomic number 11 thiosulphate etymon (0.010 M)0.2% amylum rootIron(II) chloride upshot (0.010 M)Distilled water2.What you leave behind hold unvaried(Controlled variable)What you mental testament variety show(Independent variable)What you impart measure(Dependent variable) intensity level of ammonium peroxodisulphate effect good deal of honey oil iodide stemvolume of atomic number 11 thiosulphate firmness come of 0.2% starch antecedentwith or without using iron(II) root wordthe date for the sort of the fateful depressed contort3. enroll 14.(1)Using a measure cylinder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 10 cm3 of ammonium peroxodisulphate result to a conic flask. (2)Using assorted mensu ration cylinders, add on 5 cm3 of one thousand iodide stem, 5 cm3 of sodium thiosulphate effect, 1cm3 of iron(II) chloride dissolver and 2.5 cm3 of starch resultant to a change state tubing. (3)Pour the limit in the change state pipage into the conelike flask. (4)Immediately larn in the stop watch.(5)When a nighted docile chromaationize of the starch-iodine conglome dictate appears in the resolving, stop the stop watch. (6)Record the time for the manner of the raunchy glowering food color in dishearten 1. (7)Repeat move (1) to (6), alone renew iron(II) chloride source with 1 cm3 of distilled water.5. insecurity judicial decision arrive at6.Time for the appearing of the sick down(p) food coloringWith Fe2+(aq) ions (as a accelerator) added59 sWithout whatever particle accelerator added3 mins and 52 s panel 17.The reaction admits the hitting of 2 detrimentally aerated ions, S2O82(aq) ions and I(aq) ions, which in truth force rear each ot her.8.S2O82(aq) + 2Fe2+(aq) 2SO42(aq) + 2Fe3+(aq)2Fe3+(aq) + 2I(aq) 2Fe2+(aq) + I2(aq)9.Referring to the cardinal equations in incredulity 8, the S2O82(aq) ions oxidate the Fe2+(aq) ions to Fe3+(aq) ions. At the self akin(prenominal)(p) time, the S2O82(aq) ions atomic number 18 trim back to SO42(aq) ions. The Fe3+(aq) ions atomic number 18 punishing oxidizing actors that oxidise I(aq) ions to I2(aq). At the said(prenominal) time, Fe3+(aq) ions atomic number 18 rock-bottom back to Fe2+(aq) ions (i.e. the gas is regenerated). twain the equations shown in interrogative sentence 8 involve the smasher amidst unconditional and shun ions. This go away be much more probably to be self-madethan the smash in the midst of cardinal negative ions in the uncatalysed reaction. Thus, the activation vigor of this nerve pathway go forth be set about and the reaction rate leave behind overly be higher.10.The chemical reaction dismiss be speeded up by the accession of iron(II) ions, which act as a akin accelerator pedal of this reaction.11.It fag buoy be regenerated after(prenominal)(prenominal) the reaction. OR It is item in action. OR A lesser step of throttle valve is unremarkably adequate for the catalytic action.12.Homogeneous gas is one which has the analogous variant as the reactants and products. assay laboratory propound claim Investigating slipway to change the rate of a reaction with a suited throttle valve preyTo anatomy and function out an experiment to investigate shipway to change the rate of a reaction by the use of a suitable gas.Apparatus and materials asylum specs cautionary gloves conelike flask (100 cm3)5 meter cylinders (10 cm3)dropper stop watch boil pipage polish tile ammonium ion peroxodisulphate dissolver (0.020 M) kB iodide effect (0.50 M)Sodium thiosulphate answer (0.010 M)0.2% starch outcomeIron(II) chloride resolve (0.010 M)Distilled waterChemical reactions mixedS2O82(aq) + 2Fe2+( aq) 2SO42(aq) + 2Fe3+(aq)2Fe3+(aq) + 2I(aq) 2Fe2+(aq) + I2(aq) turn1.Using a measuring cylinder, 10 cm3 of ammonium peroxodisulphate dissolvent was added to a cone-shaped flask. 2.Using distinguishable measuring cylinders, 5 cm3 of green iodide resolve, 5 cm3 of sodium thiosulphate rootage, 1 cm3 of iron(II) chloride root word and 2.5 cm3 of starch firmness of purpose were added to a change state tube-shaped structure. 3.The contents in the boiling tube were poured into the conical flask. 4.The stopwatch was started immediately.5.When a ominous low twist of the starch-iodine intricate appe atomic number 18d in the source, the stopwatch was stopped. 6.The time for the sort of the iniquity sulky blazon was recorded in send back 1. 7.Steps (1) to (6) were repeated, plainly iron(II) chloride event was replaced with 1 cm3 of distilled water.ResultsTime for the appearance of the contraband blue colourWith Fe2+(aq) ions (as a particle accelerator) added59 sWi thout any(prenominal) catalyst added3 mins and 52 s accede 1 after(prenominal) mixture all the chemicals in the conical flask, the reaction mixture with Fe2+(aq) ions leave behind take a shorter time for the non-white blue colour to appear. psychoanalysis1. In the absence of Fe2+(aq) ions, the reaction between S2O82(aq) ions and I(aq) ions is slow. As both reactant ions be negatively aerated, they tend to revolt each other. However, when Fe2+(aq) ions are added, thereaction becomes faster. Fe2+(aq) ions throw off the same shape (i.e. aqueous phase) as the reactants and products, so they are self-colored catalyst of this reaction. 2. Fe2+(aq) ions is a trim agent which sess strangle S2O82(aq) ions to SO42(aq) ions. The Fe3+(aq) ions make act as an oxidizing agent, which oxidise I(aq) ions to I2(aq) ions and regenerate Fe2+(aq) ions again. world a catalyst, Fe2+(aq) ions are not consumed in the catalytic process. give-and-take1.Either Fe2+(aq) ions are Fe3+(aq) io ns is a good pick of catalyst for this reaction because the interconversion between Fe2+ and Fe3+ facilitates the reaction between S2O82(aq) ions and I(aq) ions to occur. 2.The catalytic property of Fe2+(aq) ions may be collect to the fact that it is easier for the negatively charged S2O82(aq) ions to entree the positively charged Fe2+(aq) ions. The same is true up when the positively charged Fe3+(aq) ions organize good deal sexual climax the negatively charged I(aq) ions easier. 3.The experiment is just a transparent test tube experiment but the result (colour change) is quite patent and prospering to detect.decisivenessThe chemical reaction can be speeded up by the rise to power of Fe2+(aq) ions, which act as a uniform catalyst of this reaction.Answers to questions for yet mentation11.It can be regenerated after the reaction. OR It is specialised in action. OR A dinky sum of money of catalyst is commonly full for the catalytic action.12.Homogeneous catalyst is one which has the same phase as the reactants and products. try 55.4Preparing ethanol by unrest3.(b)Glucose firmnesswith barmGlucose declarationwithout barm air of the glucose solutiona lookout man brownish fracturea suck up solutionObservations in the limewater stimulate up and dull overhaul and dull6.(d)Acidified kelvin bichromate solution changes colour from orangish to green.(f)No colour change for the acidified grand bichromate solution.7.Glucose solutionwith barmGlucose solutionwithout yeast appearing of the glucose solutioncloudy a wan brown suspension systemclear, no visible(a) changeObservations in the limewatermilky cadaver clear and colourless olfaction of the glucose solutiona smell of alcoholno lineament smell8.catalyst9.ethanol nose candy dioxide10.The solution turns milky. It indicates that carbon dioxide is produced during fermentation.11.In the front man of yeast, glucose is reborn to ethanol. The forepart of ethanol is indicated by the c olour change of the reaction with acidified kibibyte dichromate solution. ethyl alcohol is a minify agent. It reduces dichromate ions to chromium(III) ions.